Gingivitis is an irritation of the gums and is the mildest form of periodontal disease. It is defined as inflammation of the gingival in the absence of clinical attachment loss. Gingivitis causes the gums to become red, swollen, and bleed easily. It is usually caused by bacterial plaque that accumulates in the small gaps between the gums and the teeth and by calculus (tartar) that forms on the teeth. These accumulations may be tiny, even microscopic, but the bacteria in them produce foreign chemicals and toxins that cause inflammation of the gums around the teeth.
This inflammation can, over the years, cause deep pockets between the teeth and gums and loss of bone around teeth—an effect otherwise known as periodontitis.
Gingivitis is reversible with professional treatment and good at home oral care. People with a healthy periodontium (gums, bone and ligament) or people with gingivitis only require periodontal debridement every 6 months. However, many dental professionals only recommend periodontal debridement (cleanings) every 6 months
